Using Song As a Technique to teach Vocabulary and Pronunciation
in the Elementary School

BACKGROUND
Nowadays the English language is very important, because almost everybody in the world use English as the international language, so that they have to understand and mastering English language. In mastering an English language the student should learn the four language skill are; listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Every language skill is very important but the more important before the student study about them they must know the vocabulary because vocabulary is currency of communication.
Vocabulary is very important in learning English because vocabulary is the key to learn English language. Some people sometimes get difficulties in remembering some words or vocabularies, in this case the people usually looking for the way or methods to remembering or understanding about vocabularies in English. The people usually learning English by seeing in the dictionary, the English book and many others. This case is challenge for the teacher to improve the student’s knowledge about vocabularies. It will be a serious problem to the teacher if the teacher cannot give the material attractively in learning activity, especially to teach vocabulary and pronunciation
The teacher needs to find another method to be applied in the classroom and make the student interested to study it. A study media that it necessity can be done with this matters, so that it is expected to be able to solve the problem in learning activity. Through this study and analyzing the writer wants to give some source references how the song can influence the student to increase their vocabulary and pronunciation. Singing can be used more than relaxation in the learning English activity in the classroom. The students are usually more than twenty five students, singing can be an effective method to control the student. So that in learning activity they do not be noisy. Most of beginners find difficulty in remembering the words and how to pronoun correctly, they can be bored easily when the class activity is going on.
Therefore this paper will discuss one important element in communication. The idea of this paper come out since the writer was thinking that singing song always to be an enjoyment, and the writer also thinks that almost everybody like to sing the song. There are many aspect that influences the student’s ability in developing vocabulary and pronunciation, some of them are playing cards, cross word puzzle, game of words, song etc. Among of them might the song have a good influential to improve the vocabulary. By children sings the song, the writer hopes that the children can be familiar with the words and than understand the meaning. They just play with the song by singing and than add their vocabulary and pronunciation automatically. By using this method the student can improve their vocabulary and memorize words one by one. So in the writer opinion it would be great teacher if the teacher use the song to teach English especially to increase vocabulary and pronunciation


THEORETICAL OF FRAME WORK

As every body knows English as the foreign language in Indonesia has been tough at Elementary School level because the English is very important in the future, Decocco (1987:86) say in his book Educational Technology, that English is important, not only as communication tools but also as information speakers for all people all over the world, so every one of are pushed to be mastering this language. In the globalization era, to know about the English is very important to every body, especially for the youth and the student. It means that the people must effort hardly to know and mastering foreign language firstly English. In mastering English language the student should know the basic unit of language or vocabulary firstly. Without a sufficient vocabulary, someone cannot communicate effectively or express ideas. Having a limited vocabulary is also to be a big problem that prevents students from learning a foreign language.
In teaching learning process, the teaching technique is very important to support the student language capability especially to increase the vocabulary and pronunciation. Fauziati (2002: 169) explain, “Teaching English to the beginner should need techniques. Dickinson (1987: 34) also argues that there are many ways of teaching English to young learners, but the most important aspect to teach English is building their motivation to learn the language”. In other words, make them feel that they need English, and make them think that English is a very interesting subject to learn become teacher’s main goal. One way to a rise their self-enthusiasm is by the use of songs, which will enable them to give more reaction in learning English.
The music or song is one kind of media that suitable to improve the English vocabulary and pronunciation mastery of elementary school student, because using song might easier for student to study English especially part of the vocabulary and pronunciation. Philips (1993: 100) explain that Poetry and music are elements of each human society. They show many aspects of its culture - the relationship to the past and the ancestors, the faith, the fun and the anxieties of its people..…….Music and poetry are also an essential part of foreign language learning for young learners.
The song also can help the student to built up their learning motivation to learn English. The song can give simulation, be freshening, and be strange of learning process, consciously, Murphey (1992: 8) also state that, If the teacher skillfully uses songs and rhymes the pupils usually are highly motivated. Songs and rhymes are relaxing, they vary the lesson′s progress, they provide fun and action and encourage harmony within oneself and within a group. So the pupils are learning with fun and more effectively than without these forms. Even shy or slow learning children are given encouragement by singing or speaking in choir and so they feel able to speak in a foreign language. Phillips (1993: 112,113) support that statement with explain that Songs and rhymes can be exploited by other activities after learning and often use. The aim is to enjoy the increase of knowledge but also to practice listening skills and the vocabulary. In order, side most the student like song. Another important thing of using song in the classroom is the characters can encourage the students to learn the culture of the foreign language they are learning. Chris Brewer in his book Music and Learning explain that the Music stabilizes mental, physical and emotional rhythms to attain a state of deep concentration and focus in which large amounts of content information can be processed and learned.

DISCUSSION

In this part of discussion, the writer will give the reason and explain that relation with the point of the title is Using Song As a Technique to teach Vocabulary and Pronunciation. As every body knows the English language has been tough in Elementary School. Teaching English in elementary school intended to introduce the basic English lesson with the reason to support the student so that more encourage and motivated in learning English and to prepare them in the next level of formal education in order that they will be more ready and have the self confidence. Many people think that the teaching English in Elementary School is not easy to be done because the children regard that English is difficult and strange language to be learn although not every student express like that. To overcome this problem the teacher need some technique to be used in learning process in order that the class activity will be more effective and efficient.
In the process of teaching learning, the media becomes one factor that hold an important rule to enhance the teaching learning activity became more effective and efficient. Education medias are various kinds and each kind have it own characteristic. The function of medias in teaching learning process is to influence the student motivation so that the students are interesting and enthusiastic in joining the class. The student of Elementary school are still young children commonly they like sing a song. A song can be taken as one of the example and used as a good media to teach a number of vocabulary and pronunciation. Sadiman (1990:84) explain that there are some consideration why the teacher chose the media as the teaching:
a) to demonstrate the presentation problem b) the teacher fell accustomed using the media c) the teacher wants to give an illustration or classification so that the subject more concrete and d) the use of media can stimulates to learners so that they have interest and enthusiasm to study.
By using the song as media in the teaching learning process, the student will be more enthusiasm and interest to learning English. The student can also learn from the content of the song and it sharpens the student general knowledge of world.

SELECTING THE SONG
When we using the song as media in teaching and learning process for the Elementary school we must be more selective to choose the song that will used. There are many kinds the genre of music like pop, rock, and other folk song but not all song of English are good to teach English so the teacher should chose the song based of the account. Donn Byrne (1986:92) explain that a wide range of ‘pop’ and folk song (which despite the natural repetition of patterns and vocabulary that they effort, could have bad effect at the practice stage because definition in grammar and pronunciation are not uncommon) can be used to explore themes emotional, social, political which are of direct and immediate interest to the students often enough the students themselves will be able to suggest precisely the songs that can be used for this purpose. There are some procedure that should be complete when the teacher chose the song:
1. The songs are well-known or popular students. This can be known by the way, for example, the teacher asked the students directly about the songs you like or what bands they know, and so on.
2. The song must contain material that will teach both language skills and language elements.
3. The language of the song, because the teacher uses the songs to teach pronunciation, the teacher has to pay attention of the language of the song. The teacher makes sure that the song contains the good English words.
4. The song must have quality and character that contains learning objectives. This is important because error in choosing it can interfere with the achievement of learning goals.
5. The song must have an appropriate level of difficulty with the ability of students. Song selection errors can result in ineffective learning. Therefore, the text of selected songs mild and not too long
6. The song must contain a message or a value in accordance with the age and maturity level of students. Errors will result in the song selection on the formation of personality.

KIND OF TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCES USING SONG
After determining the song to be used, teachers can determine the language skills and language elements of what will be developed. This step is important because it related to the types of activities or approaches that will be used teachers in teaching and learning. Some examples of types of activities or approaches that can be used:
1. Drills
Aims to encourage accuracy after students understand the meaning of the word phrases or sentences contained in the song and then drilled. Drill here is drill oral form, for example, students have difficulty with the sound of ei and e. They can not distinguish the word pain and pen or fail and felt. If so, the following learning activities can be done through listening, practice or repetition drill. Listening practice, which is comparing the words in the song sounds similar when spoken. While repetition drill instructor from reading certain words in the song and the students say these words.
2. Communication practice exercise
Aims to develop fluency (Fluency). The principle underlying this activity is that students will learn how to communicate through communication activities using the existing language elements in the song. This activity provides more opportunities for students to communicate after they listened to the song. When doing this activity students tend to make many mistakes. But that does not need to worry. The important thing students gain competence and confidence to use the language freely. If you want to correct errors, teachers should do it wisely so that students keep learning motivation high.
3. The gap filling activity
The children were asked to fill or complete the words or key phrases in the song that deliberately omitted by the teacher. The words or phrases are usually the important terms that must be mastered by students. Example: Listen to the song, then complete the missing words! I
........................ a dream
A song to ...........
To ................ to cope
With ..................., and so on.
Teachers repeated several times playing the songs through the tape recorder and the students complete the word or phrase missing. b. Students and teachers together to check and write on the blackboard.
4. Recording words
The students asked to arrange the words from the text of a song that randomized teachers after they hear a song that is played through a tape recorder. Example: Rearrange the jumbled words into a good song by listening to the cassette! a /
dream / have / I
to / a / song / sing
me / help / cope / to / anything / with, and so on.

USING SONG TO INCREASE THE VOCABULARY
Words are basic unit of language form and without sufficient vocabulary someone cannot communicate effectively or express idea. Cameron (2001:72) explain that building up useful vocabulary is central to the learning of foreign language ay primary level.
Some teacher think that teaching vocabulary is not easy to be done beside that many people also think that the vocabulary teaching only wastes the time because the vocabulary number is unlimited. They think that grammar hold an important role in learning. Having limited vocabulary is barrier that prevent student from learning a foreign language. If the learner cannot know how to expand their vocabulary, they gradually lose interest in learning the foreign language. It is one of problem that should be solved in learning vocabulary, and using teaching strategies is way to solve this problem. Hatch and Brown (1995) in Cameron (2001:84) describe five ‘essential step’ in vocabulary learning based on research into learners strategies:
ü Having source for encountering new words.
ü Getting a clear image, whether visual or auditory or both, from the form a the new words.
ü Learning the meaning of the words.
ü Making a strong memory connection between the form and the meaning of the words.
ü Using the words,
Using song is one strategies that can be used to develop student vocabulary, because In the teaching vocabulary using a song the student will accustomed to say a new word and they will interested to understand the contain of the lyric in the song so indirectly they will to try to translate that lyric. From the habit of listening a foreign language song the student will be always get a new vocabulary and remembering more words.

USING SONG TO INCREASE THE PRONUNCIATION ABILITY
Pronunciation is means the ability of person to produce of correct word with correct production of sound also. If someone learn pronunciation earlier, it must be better because the teacher will know weather his sound production is correct or not or make correction. The ability to produce the term a word will support the language skill. Students must learn the pronunciation, because there are some words that have different ways of articulating sounds or how ways the student say the words or the sentences.
Using song is one way to develop student pronunciation, because most of the people like singing, especially the children; it’s likely that the student will repeat the song out side in the classroom for their feeling good or pleasure. This is certainly an effective drill for them to learn English pronunciation beside that the function of the songs in the teaching pronunciation is to promote the good habit in articulation. In the application, the student asked to listen, observe and repeat the song in a good pronunciation, in order that the student can be accustomed to pronounce a new words or sentences.

A SAMPLE OF LEARNING ACTIVITY
Skill : listening and pronunciation
Class : III / Elementary School
Theme : Song
Basic Competency : Getting new vocabulary and know about the meaning and also know how to pronounce a word or sentence.
Type activity : individual and discussion
Function practiced : Giving new vocabulary and pronunciation
Procedures :
1. The teacher selecting the appropriate song that will be used to teach vocabulary and pronunciation to the children
2. The teacher distributes the text of the song and introduce the song briefly and easily to understood.
3. The teacher ask to the student to discuss the mean of the word and the sentence that contain in the lyric of the song.
4. The teacher ask the student to listen the song carefully. The teachers sing the song expressively if needed to attract the student’s attention and ask the students to listen the pronunciation of the word in the songs.
5. The teacher pronounces the song lyric loudly and the students repeat after him. After that the teacher guide the student to sing a song together with the correct language.
6. The teacher guide the student to discuss the songs to know the weather there are many words that are difficult to be pronounce.
7. The teacher decide the words which are difficult to pronounced, pronouncing them continuously and ask the students to repeat those words after him until they can pronounced those words properly.

CONCLUSION

From the whole discussion of using song as a technique to teach vocabulary and pronunciation in elementary school we can conclude that songs have an important function in teaching English as a foreign language in Elementary schools. Beside games and visual aids the song support by virtue of their typical characteristics the language acquisition for younger learners. The song also can be the attractive method that can use by the teacher to improve student’s vocabulary and pronunciation, but not all kind of song can used to teach vocabulary and pronunciation. The teacher should select the appropriate songs to tech vocabulary and pronunciation to the elementary student because by select the appropriate song it will make students fell more enjoy in learning vocabulary and pronunciation. The more important by using song in the teaching and learning process it can increase the student motivation in learning English as


REFERENCES

Arif, Sadiman.1990.Media Pendidikan.Jakarta:Rajawali
Lenne Cameron. 2001.Teaching Language to Young Learners. Cambridge:Cambridge Univercity
Donn Byrne.1986. Teaching Oral English 2nd. Singapore: Longman
Decocco Jhon. 1987. Education Technology. Holt: Renehart and Winston inc.
Lislie Dickinson.1987.Self-instruction in Language Learning. Cambridge University Press
Fauziati, Endang. 2002. Teaching of English As A Foreign Language. Surakarta: Muhammadiyah University Press
Murphey, T. (1992): Music and Song. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available on : http://www.grin.com/e-book/106150/songs-and-rhymes-in-teaching-english-at-primary-schools
Phillips, S. (1993. Young Learners. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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